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2021³â 6¿ù 7ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹½ÄÇ°ÀǾ౹(FDA)Àº ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´ Ä¡·áÁ¦·Î ¾ÆµÎ°¡´©¸¿(aducanumab)À» Accelerated ApprovalÇß´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù 20³â¸¸¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î Ä¡·áÁ¦ °³¹ß¿¡ ¼º°øÇß´Ù´Â °Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó aggregated beta-amyloid¸¦ Ÿ±êÀ¸·Î ÇÑ Ç׺£Å¸¾Æ¹Ð·ÎÀÌµå ´ÜŬ·ÐÇ×ü(monoclonal antibody)·Î ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸ÓÀÇ º´Å»ý¸®¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â disease modifying therapy·Î¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ½ÂÀι޾Ҵٴµ¥ Å« ÀÇÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÓ»ó 3»ó½ÃÇè¿¡¼ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ù°Å°¡ È®¸³µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â Á¡, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA)¶ó´Â ºÎÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á, ¿¬°£ 5¸¸ 6000´Þ·¯¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ¸·´ëÇÑ Ä¡·áºñ µîÀ» µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç FDA¿Í ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÁ¨°£ÀÇ ÀÇȤ µî ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ À̾îÁö´Â ³í¶õ ¼Ó¿¡ FDA ÀÚ¹®À§¿øÀÌ »çÅðÇÏ°í, ÀϺΠº¸Çèȸ»ç¿¡¼´Â º¸Çè ½ÂÀÎÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ°í, Mount Sinai Health System, Providence Health Care, Cleveland Clinic µî ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´ëÇüº´¿ø 3°÷ÀÌ »ç¿ëÀ» °ÅºÎÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼´Â ¾ÆµÎÄ«´©¸¿ÀÇ ½Å¼Ó»ç¿ëÀÌ Ã»¿Í´ë¿¡ û¿øÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó¿À±âµµ ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ½Ä¾àó¿¡ ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÁ¨ÀÌ ±¹³» Çã°¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ½Åû¼¸¦ Á¢¼öÇß´Ù.
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2020³â¿¡ FDA´Â ÀÚ¹®À§¿øȸ¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇØ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¸®ºäÇÑ °á°ú ½ÂÀο¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í °áÁ¤À» ³»·ÈÀ¸³ª, ´Ù½Ã normal regulatory pathway¿¡¼ accelerated pathway·Î º¯°æÇß´Ù. accelerated pathway´Â ¿¡ÀÌÁîÄ¡·áÁ¦³ª Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·áÁ¦°ú °°ÀÌ ½É°¢ÇÑ ÁúȯÀÌÁö¸¸ º°´Ù¸¥ Ä¡·á¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ surrogate biomarkerÀÇ º¯È¸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î ÀÓ»óÀûÀÎ È¿°ú¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ¿© ½ÂÀÎÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ´Ù.
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FDA´Â óÀ½¿¡´Â ¾ÆµÎÄ«´©¸¿À» ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´¿¡ ´ëÇؼ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇßÀ¸³ª Á¶±Ý Áö³ª¼ MCI due to AD or mild AD dementia·Î Á¼Çô¼ ½ÂÀÎÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÓ»ó¿¡¼ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ »óÅÂÀ̹ǷΠÁ¦ÇÁ¸® Ä¿¹Ö½º¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ Àü¹®°¡ ÆгεéÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ Àӻ󿬱¸ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ Åä´ë·Î ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÁöħÀ» Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ µÎ °¡Áö´Â ±âÁ¸ Àӻ󿬱¸¿¡¼ È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â´ø ȯÀÚµé°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ È¯ÀÚ±ºÀ» ¼±Á¤ÇØ Ä¡·áÈ¿°ú¸¦ ±Ø´ëÈÇÏ´Â °Í°ú Ä¡·á°úÁ¤ÀÇ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ¹× ARIA¿Í °°Àº ºÎÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëó´Ù. ÀÓ»ó¿¡¼ ¾ÆµÎÄ«´©¸¿À» »ç¿ëÇϱ⿡ ÀûÀýÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÇ ±âÁØÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.
1. baseline scale score MMSE 21-30 or equivalent such as MoCA 17-30
2. Amyloid status Amyloid positive PET or CSF findings consistent with AD
3. Genetic testing Genotyping (ApoE) should be discussed with the patient/care partner. ARIA risk should be described, and the patient's preferences assessed.
4. Neurological examination Non-AD neurological disorders excluded
5. Clotting status Patients on anticoagulants are excluded
6. Concomitant medications can be on standard of care with cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine
7. Baseline MRI Patients should be excluded if there is evidence of acute or subacute hemorrhage, macrohemorrhage, greater than 4 microhemorrhages, cortical infarction (£¾1.5 cm), 1 lacunar infarction (£¾1.5 cm), £¾ 1 area of superficial siderosis, or diffuse white matter disease
ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¸¸¹ß¼º ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´ ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ À§ÀÇ ±âÁØÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì »ó¿°»öü ¿ì¼º À¯Àü ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´, logopenic aphasia, posterior cortical atrophy, frontal ADµî ºñÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ÀÓ»ó¾ç»óÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´ µî¿¡¼´Â Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ȯÀÚ ¹× º¸È£ÀÚ¿Í ÃæºÐÇÑ »óÀǸ¦ ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇغ¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ±Ç°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ ´Ù¿îÁõÈıº, ·çÀ̼Òü Ä¡¸Å, ´ë³ú ¾Æ¹Ð·ÎÀ̵å Ç÷°üº´Áõ, ¹«Áõ»óÀ̸ç ÀÎÁö±â´ÉÀÌ Á¤»óÀÌÁö¸¸ ¾Æ¹Ð·ÎÀÌµå ½ºÄµ ¾ç¼ºÀÎ ÀüÀÓ»ó ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀÌ¸Ó È¯Àڵ¼´Â ¾ÆµÎÄ«´©¸¿À» ±Ù°ÅºÎÁ· µîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ±Ç°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¾ÆµÎÄ«´©¸¿ÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â µÎÅë(20.5% vs 15.2% in placebo), ¼³»ç(8.9% vs 6.8% in placebo), ³«»ó(15% vs 11.8% in placebo), amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA)µîÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì ARIA´Â ¹«Áõ»ó(74%)ÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹À¸³ª ¸Þ½º²¨¿ò, È¥¶õ, µÎÅë, ½Ã·Â ÀúÇÏ µîÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç µå¹°°Ô ¹ßÀÛ°ú °°Àº ½É°¢ÇÑ Áõ»óµµ À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Áõ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ARIAÀÎ °æ¿ì, Ä¡·á¸¦ ÀϽà ÁßÁöÇÑ ÈÄ ÀÓ»óÀûÀÎ Æò°¡ ¹× ½Å°æÇÐÀû °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇؾßÇϸç 1°³¿ù¸¶´Ù ³úÀÚ±â°ø¸í¿µ»óÀ» Âï¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. APOEÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ Áß E4 º¯ÇüÀÌ ARIA À§Ç輺À» µÎ ¹è ³ôÀδٰí ÇÑ´Ù.
¾ÆµÎÄ«´©¸¿À» ÀûÀýÈ÷ Ä¡·á¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Á¶±â ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´À» Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ À¯´ÉÇÑ °æÇèÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ÀÓ»óÀÇ, ¾Æ¹Ð·ÎÀ̵å PETÀ̳ª ³úô¼ö¾× °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í À̸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â Àü¹®°¡, MRI¸¦ ÅëÇØ ARIAÀÇ ÀÎÁö ¹× ´ëó°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ Àü¹®°¡, À¯ÀüÇÐÀû »ó´ã µîÀÇ ÀÎÇÁ¶ó°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾ÆµÎÄ«´©¸¿À» ÀÓ»ó¿¡¼ ÀûÀýÈ÷ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ÀÓ»óÀÇ°¡ Áø´Ü ¹× Ä¡·á ³íÀÇ¿¡ ȯÀÚ ¹× º¸È£ÀÚ¸¦ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Âü¿©½ÃÅ°°í ±³À°À̳ª ¼Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇؼ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô È¯ÀÚ Áß½ÉÀÇ Áø·á°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
References
1. Cummings J, Salloway S. Aducanumab: Appropriate use recommendations. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Jul 27.
2. Rabinovici GD. Controversy and Progress in Alzheimer's Disease - FDA Approval of Aducanumab. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 28.
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